????: ??????2002??4?5?6??2004?7?????
???????????????????*
?? [?] ???
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???? ?? ???? ???? ????
Abstract: This article presents a research report of the status quo of
international translation education. The authors studied translation programs
currently offered and research institutes functioning in major tertiary
institutions in the world. Based on an analysis of the features of translation
and interpretation curricula of these institutions, the authors suggested some
improvements that may be made in the translation courses presently offered in
mainland
Key Words: translation translation program translation curriculum translation studies
????????
*?????? [?] [?] [?] [?] [?] [?]
*??????????? [?] [?] [?] [?] [?]
????????????????????????[?] [?] [?]
*???????Rovira i Virgili?? [?] [?] [?]
????????????????????“???”??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????[?]?[?]?????????????????????[?]???????????????????????????[?]?[?]????????????????????????????[?]?[?]????????????????????????????????????????[?]?[?]????????????????????????????????????????????[?]???????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????(The HK Baptist University Centre for Translation; http://arts.hkbu.edu.hk/ctn/)???1994???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????The HK Baptist University Centre for Translation Series?????????????????????An Oxford Anthology of Contemporary Chinese Drama?????????????Oxford Children’s Encyclopedia???????
?????????????????????????????
????Department of Translation,
the Chinese University of
?????????????????????????????????6???????????????????48???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????M.A.???????24??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????M. Phil. ?????????????????18?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1987??
???????????????????????????????3????????????????1??????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????Research Centre for Translation, the Chinese University of
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????·??·????
???????????????????Department of Chinese,
Translation and Linguistics, City University of
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????(Department of Translation, Lingnan University; http://www.ln.edu.hk/tran/info/mphil.html????1989??????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????Honours in Translation??????????96????????63??????????????63??????33??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????1995-96??????????????2000-2001????????????
??????Department of Chinese,
University of
1988???????????????????? (Graduate Institute of Translation and Interpretation Studies, Fu Jen Catholic University; http://www.gitis.fju.edu.tw/),???????????????????????1991????
????????????????????????????4?????????????????????????????????????????4???????????????2???????????????????1??????????????????????????4??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????4????????????????????????????????????????????1????
??????????????Graduate Institute of Translation and Interpretation [GITI], National Taiwan Normal University; http://www.ntnu.edu.tw/tran/index.html????1996?????????????????????????????????????????????????????2001???????????????International English Language Testing System [IELTS]???????????????????????????????????????????????????30????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????3????????6??????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????37??????????????52???????????69???
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????NHK??1992?????????????????????????????????100????????????????????????TOEFL???620??????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????-???????????????Translation Department, College of Arts, Al-Mustansiriya University????1976???????????????????????????????1986??1992????????????????????????????????????????300???
?????????????????????Translation and Interpreting Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Bar Ilan University; http://www.biu.ac.il/HU/tr/????1972??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????Unit for Culture Research, the Faculty of Humanities, Tel Aviv University; http://www.tau.ac.il/tarbut/index.html??????????????Itamar Even-Zohar ??????????Professor Gideon Toury??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1979?????????????????????????Graduate School of Interpretation and Translation, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies; http://www.hufs.ac.kr/english/??????????????????
??????????????????????????????????1000??????????????????????????????????????40?????70?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????180???????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????Institut de Langues et de Traduction [ILT], Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines, Université Saint-Joseph????1980??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????150????
?????????????Institute of Languages and Translation, King Saud University????1992????700?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????Department of Translation and Interpreting, Bogaziçi University????1983??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????150????
???????????????????????1988????????????????????????????????????????????????????????250????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????Unit for Language Facilitation and Empowerment, University of the Orange Free State, South Africa; http://www.uovs.ac.za/units/etfetfb.asp???????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????School of Languages, University of South Africa in Pretoria?????????????????????????????
??????????????????University of the Witwatersrand??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????School of Literature and Language Studies??????????????????????Graduate School for Translators and Interpreters; http://www.wits.ac.za/fac/arts/translate/trans.html??
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????Honours in Translation??
?????????????????????????Département de Linguistique et traduction, Faculté des Arts et des Sciences, Université de Montréal; http://www.fas.umontreal.ca/LING/cours/??????????????????Conférence internationale permanente d’Instituts universitaires de Traducteurs et d’Interprètes [CIUTI]???????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????School of Translation, Collège Universitaire de Saint-Boniface; http://www.ustboniface.mb.ca/cusctra/ecole/ecole_presentation_an.htm????1984?????????????Canadian Association of Schools of Translation [CAST]????????120?????????????The Honors Bachelor of Arts in Translation?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????The Certificate in Translation Program via the Internet / Le certificat de traduction par Internet? http://www.ustboniface.mb.ca/cusctra/program_an.htm???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????30????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????Arts, Humanities & Languages Department, School of Continuing Studies, University of Toronto; http://www.learn.utoronto.ca?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????School of Translation and Interpretation, Faculty of Arts, University of Ottawa; http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/traint/??1936?????????????????????????10??????40?????????????????????????Jean Delisle????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????18?????????9???+ ??????????????????????21?????????9???+ ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????I-IV???????????I-II???????-??????????-?????????????????????????????????????????????????????III-IV??????-??????????-??????????I-IV???????????????????????????
?1????5000??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?2????15??????20???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?
???????????????????????????????????????????????School of Translation, Glendon College, York University; http://www.yorku.ca/trans/e-programme.html????????????????????????50???????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????20??????10????????????
?????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????
?1???4? + ??????????
?2???6? + ???????????
?3???8??
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????-?????????????????-???????????-??????????????????????
?????????????????????Departamento de Idiomas Extranjeros, Facultad de Educación, Humanidades y Arte, Universidad de Concepción????1972????????????????????????????????200????
???????????????????????translation Center, College of Humanities and Fine Arts, University of Massachusetts at Amherst???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Master of Arts in Translation Studies?http://www.umass.edu/transcen/masters.html??
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????TEFEL?GRE??????????????????
?????????????????????????????????33????????12??????????6??????????3??????????3???????9???????????24??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????
?1????????
?2?????????????????
?3???????????????????????????
?4???????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????Edwin Gentzler????????????Maria Tymoczko?????????
?????????Department of English, University of Arkansas; http://www.uark.edu/depts/english/trans.html??????????????????Master of Fine Arts???????????????????????????????????????????????????12?????????24????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????National Center for Interpretation Testing?????????????????????????Federal Court Interpreter Certification Examination?????????????·??????????Agnese Haury Institute for Court Interpretation, University of Arizona????1983??????????????????????????????????????????Federal Court Interpreter Program; http://nci.arizona.edu/ahi.htm??????????????????????????????????65????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????DNA?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????Brigham Young University???????????Translation Research Group, Department of Linguistics????????????Translation, Theory & Technology; http://www. ttt.org/?????????????????????
??????“??????”???????????????????????????Mona Baker ???In Other Words: A Course on Translation?Douglas Robinson ??? Becoming a Translator: An Acceleration Course???????????????????????????????????????????????????????6???????
???-???????????????????????????Center for Machine Translation [CMT], Language Technologies Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University; http://www.lti.cs.cmu.edu/Research/CMT-home.html??????1986???????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????http://www.lti.cs.cmu.edu/Research/cmt-projects.html???????????????????“???”?Janus????????????“??”?Kant??“???”????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“??”????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????“????”?????????????????????????????????????????http://www.lti.cs.cmu.edu/Courses/all-courses.html?????
?????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????
???????????????????????
?????????????University of Charleston, South Carolina??????????????????MA programme in Bilingual Legal Interpreting; http://www.cofc.edu/~legalint/?
?????????——??????——????????????????Liberal Studies Program, Graduate School, City University of New York; http://web.gc.cuny.edu/Liberalstudies/??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????30?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????Division of Interpretation and Translation?Georgetown University; http://www.georgetown.edu/grad/current/services/translation.html????1949???????????????????Conférence internationale permanente d’Instituts universitaires de Traducteurs et d’Interprètes [CIUTI]???????????50??????????????
?1???????????????????Certificate of Proficiency as Conference Interpreter??????????????????
?2????????????????????Certificate of Proficiency in (non-literary) Translation??????????????????????????????;
?3??????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Center for Interpretation and Translation Studies, College of Languages, Linguistics, and Literature, University of Hawaii; http://cits.hawaii.edu/introduction.html????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????directed studies??????????????????????????????????
??????1988??????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????Indiana University Comparative Literature Department???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????Certificate of Literary Translation; http://www.indiana.edu/~complit/trans/transcert.html?????????????3-4????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????I, II, III???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????“?????”???????????????????Master of Fine Arts, Creative Writing Program, Department of Cinema and Comparative Literature, University of Iowa; http://www.uiowa.edu/~ccl/grad_progs/trans-mfa.html???????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????1962??????????????????????????Translation Workshop??????????????·?????·???????1967???????· ????Paul Engel?????????“??????”?International Writing Program [IWP]???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????24???????????????????????12???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????9-12????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????6????
???6????
????6????
?????6????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????Institute for Applied Linguistics, Department of Modern and Classical Language Studies, College of Arts and Sciences, Kent State University; http://appling.kent.edu??????????????????????????????20?????????????????????????????????60???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????Bachelor of Science in Translation???????????????????????????????????Subject Area Specialty?????????????????????????????????????????????129?????????4??
?1?47?????????????
?2?24-27??????/?????????????
?3?16??????/????????
?4?39-42???????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????Master of Arts Specializing in Translation???????37??????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
??????????Monterey Institute of International Studies [MIIS]; http://www.miis.edu??????????Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation [GSTI]????1965???????????????????Conférence internationale permanente d’Instituts universitaires de Traducteurs et d’Interprètes [CIUTI]???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????210???????????????????????????????MA in Translation [MAT]??????????MA in Translation and Interpretation [MATI]???????????MA in Conference Interpretation [MACI]?????????????????????????
??????????????????????????“????”?????????????????????????????????????????????“???????”?Early Diagnostic Tests [EDT]??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Association Internationale des Interprètes de Conférence?????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????60???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Comprehensive Professional Examinations???????????????????Professional Exam Certificate??
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????authentic material???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????B?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????20??90???????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????Sun Microsystems??????????????????????????????????????Logos, Trados??????????????????????
?????????????????????Center for Foreign Languages and Translation, New York University???????????????????????????????????Certificate in Translation; http://www.scps.nyu.edu/dyncon/acfl/cert_tran.html?????????????Certificate in Court Interpreting?http://www.scps.nyu.edu/dyncon/acfl/cour_cour.html?????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????B?????????????????????????????B???????????6????6??????5?????????????????????I?II???????I?II????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????B+????????????
????????????????????Professional Translation Certificate Program, Department of Linguistics, University of Pittsburgh; http://www.linguistics.pitt.edu/lctl/ptcp.html?????????????
?1???????????????????
?2??????????????????????????????
?3???????????????????
?4?????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???21??????????15????????6?????????3????????3??????????????5??????????????????????????????I?II??????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????The Graduate Program in Translation, College of Humanities, University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras; http://rrpac.upr.clu.edu:9090/~humanity/trad.htm????1970??????????????????????????????????????????200????
????????????????????????????75?????????????????????????????????????????
??????45??????24???????????????????????????????100???????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????18??????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????Department of Spanish and Portuguese Languages and Literatures, College of Arts and Letters, San Diego State University????????????????????30??????????????????????????????????????20????
??????????????????Center for Research in Translation, State University of New York at Binghamton; http://trip.binghamton.edu/????????????????????????????????? Marilyn Gaddis Rose???
????“?????????”?Translation Research and Instructional Program [TRIP]???????????????????“?????????”???????TRIP Certificate in Translation; http://trip.binghamton.edu/Programs.html?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ATA?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2002-2003????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1971?1?????????????1973???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????1984????????????????Translation Perspectives????????????????????????FIT?????1995???????????????????¾????????Translation: Religion, Ideology, Politics; translation perspectives viii ??·??? [Todd Burrell] ???·K·?? [Sean K. Kelly]??????????Babel 1999??3? [45: 3]??
??????????Seattle Central Community??1970???????????????????????????????????90???????????????????????????
??????????????????Center for Translation Studies; University of Texas at Dallas; http://www.utdallas.edu/research/cts/??????1980???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????1978?????????????Translation Review; http://www.utdallas.edu/research/cts/tr/???????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????Institute of Translation and Interpretation, University of Innsbruck; http://translation.uibk.ac.at/eng/enindex.html??????????????????Conférence internationale permanente d’Instituts universitaires de Traducteurs et d’Interprètes [CIUTI]?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????500????
?????????????????????10-12?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“??”?erste Diplomprüfung???????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“??”?zweite Diplomprüfung???????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????School of Translation and Interpreting, University of Graz?http://www-gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at/uedo/en/????1946?????????????????????????????????/????/????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1800??
????????????????????????????????????
?1?????????????????????????????
?2??????????????????????????
?3???????????????????????????
?4??????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????“??”?“??”?“??”????????????????????????????????“??”???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
?????????Translation Division, the University of Vienna; http://www.univie.ac.at/indexengl.html??????????????????Conférence internationale permanente d’Instituts universitaires de Traducteurs et d’Interprètes [CIUTI]???????13??????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????5???????????????????·?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????A????????????????????·??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????300-500???
?????????1995???17??????????????????????????????????????Higher Institute of Translation and Interpreting, Hogeschool Antwerpen; http://www.ha.be/english/index.cfm?section_id=43&category_id=322&article_id=707??????????????????Conférence internationale permanente d’Instituts universitaires de Traducteurs et d’Interprètes [CIUTI]??????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????Erasmushogeschool, Brussel???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????6?????????????????????????????????????????????????50??????60????????????????????????????????????????9???
??????????????????????????????????????????????
??·????????Institut Libre Marie Haps; http://www.ilmh.be/traduction/???????1955?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????400???????????????????
?1???+2?????????????????????????
?2???+??+???
?????????????????????????????????????????????
??-????????????Ecole d’Interprètes Internationaux, EII, Université de Mons-Hainaut; http://www.umh.ac.be/35.htm??????????????????Conférence internationale permanente d’Instituts universitaires de Traducteurs et d’Interprètes [CIUTI]????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????1958???????????????????????Institut Superieur de Traducteurs et Interprétes [ISTI]; http://www.heb.be/isti/english.htm????——??????1977?????????????????????????????1995????????????????????????
???????????????????Conférence internationale permanente d’Instituts universitaires de Traducteurs et d’Interprètes [CIUTI]????????900?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????Institute of
Translation Studies, Faculty of Arts, Charles University [Karlova
Univerzita v Praze]; http://whois.cuni.cz/cgi-bin/who/.en?db=uk&back=http%3A%2F%2Fwhois%2Ecuni%2Ecz%2Findex%2Ehtml%2Een&ask=!UK.2457????1963???????????????????Poldauf?Václav Be?ka ? Josef Dubský?????????????????????????????????????????????????1974?????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????5-7%??????????????????10-15%???????400???
???????????????????????5?????????????????????
?1?????????????????????
?2????????????????????+ ???????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????comprehensive intermediate examination?????????????????????????????15????????????????????final state examination??
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?1???????????????????I???????I??????????????????????
?2????????II???????II????????????????????????????????
?3????????I?????I?????????????????????????????
?4????????II???????????????????II???????????????????????????????I?????I????
?5????????????????????????II?????II???????????
?????????????????????????15?????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????60?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????3???????????350????????350?????????????????45?????30??????????5???????????5?????????????15???????????15????????????????60????????????????????????????300???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????3??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????1996??????3-5??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????Copernicus-Practeast????????????????????????????????????????????????????Translatologica Pragensia ?Folia Translatologica ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????Center for Konferencetolkning, Copenhagen Business School [CBS]; http://www.cbs.dk/indexuk.html????????1921???????1970????????????????????Conférence internationale permanente d’Instituts universitaires de Traducteurs et d’Interprètes [CIUTI]??????????????????????????????????????????6???????????????????500????
?????????????????Center for Translation Studies and Lexicography, University of Copenhagen????1989???????????????????Conférence internationale permanente d’Instituts universitaires de Traducteurs et d’Interprètes [CIUTI]???????????????400????????????????????????????????????????50???????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????Department of Translation Studies, University of Helsinki????1971??????????????????????????400????
????????????????Savonlinna School of Translation Studies, University of Joensuu????1968??1981???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????400????
??????????????????????????Department of translation studies, School of Modern Languages and Translation Studies, Faculty of the Humanities, Tampere University; http://www.uta.fi/FAST/dept.html????1966?????????????????????????????????????45-75????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Licentiate???????????????????????????????????
???????30??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????Université Catholique de l’Ouest. Institut de Perfectionnement en Langues Vivantes [IPLV]????1970??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????80??
??· ??????????????????????????????????UFR [Unité de Formation et de Recherches] Angellier, Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille 3???1982????????????????????????12????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????Département des Langues Étrangères Appliquées, UFR des Lettres et Sciences humaines, Université de Metz????1990????????100?????????????????
?1?????????????????????????
?2?????????????????????????
?1????????????????????????????
?????????????????Faculté des Lettres, Arts et Sciences, Humaines, Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis??????????????????????????????????30??
???????Université de Paris VII; http://www.sigu7.jussieu.fr/Diplomes/DESS/Ds_ind_l.htm????????????????????????“???”?????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????École Supérieure d’Interprètes
et de Traducteurs [L’ESIT], Université de
????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????30??????????“????”?théorie interprétative de la traduction???????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1976??????????1995?????40???????????
??????????Institut Supérieur d’Interprétation et de Traduction [ISIT]????1957??1979????????????????????Conférence internationale permanente d’Instituts universitaires de Traducteurs et d’Interprètes [CIUTI]??????????80???????20???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????Institut de Traducteurs, d’Interprètes et de Relations internationales [ITI], Université des Sciences Humaines de Strasbourg - Strasbourg 2????1985?????????????70????????10??????????????????????
?1??????
?2??????
?3????????
?4????????
????????Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin???????????1887??1962?????????2000??
????????????????????????????????????Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Diplom-Übersetzer?????????Diplom-Dolmetscher??????
?????Fachhochschule Köln??1971??????????????????????????????????????????1500??
?????·???????????????-???????????????????????????Fachbereich Angewandte Sprach-und Kulturwissenschaft, Universität Johannes Gutenberg Mainz; http://www.fask.uni-mainz.de/????1947??????????????????Germersheim???????????????????????????242????1949??????????·??????1991???????????????????????140?????2000?????????????
???????????????????Conférence internationale permanente d’Instituts universitaires de Traducteurs et d’Interprètes [CIUTI]??????5?????11???
?1?????????
?2???????????????????????????????????
?3?????????????????????????
?4??????????????????????????????????????
?5??????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????
?1????????????
?2?????????????????????????????????????????????
?3???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?4??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????Socrates?http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/languages/actions/socrates2.html?? Lingua?http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/languages/actions/lingua2.html#Lingua%20action%201?? Tempus?http://www.etf.eu.int/tempus.nsf???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????FASTERM?????????????18?????700?????100???
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????-???????????Institut für Übersetzen und Dolmetschen der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg [IÜD]; http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/faculties.html????1930???????????????????Conférence internationale permanente d’Instituts universitaires de Traducteurs et d’Interprètes [CIUTI]???????????1300???
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????Sprachen- und Dolmetscher Institut München????1952???????900???????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????Universität des Saarlandes????????????????????????????
???????????Fachrichtung 4.6. Angewandte Sprachwissenschaft sowie Übersetzen und Dolmetschen; http://www.uni-saarland.de/fak4/fr46/englisch/welcome.htm?????????????1948???????1978??????????????????????????????????????????Conférence internationale permanente d’Instituts universitaires de Traducteurs et d’Interprètes [CIUTI]????????1200??????????Wolfram Wilss????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????Lehrstuhl Maschinelle Übersetzung; http://www.iai.uni-sb.de/MT-DEPT/mt-eng.html?1990?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????Department of Foreign Languages, Translation and Interpretation, Ionian University; http://www.uion.edu.gr????1986???????????????????400?????50????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????
?1????????Vakgroep Vertaalwetenschap, Universiteit van Amsterdam????1964????????150?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?2???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????
?????????????Faculteit Tolk – Vertaler, Hogeschool Maastricht????1981??????800??????????????????????????????·???????????????????????????
??????????????Department of Applied Linguistics, University of Western Hungary [BDTF]????1991??1994????????????????100????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????School of Applied Languages, Dublin City University??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????Graduate Diploma/M.A. in Translation Studies; http://www.dcu.ie/prospects/prospectus/deginfo.php?class=MTS????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????Graduate Diploma/M.A. in Conference Interpreting; http://www.dcu.ie/prospects/prospectus/deginfo.php?class=MCI???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?1??????????????????
?2?????????????????
?3??????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????Facoltà di Lingue e Lett. Straniere, Universit à di Lecce; http://www.lingue.unile.it???????1997??????????60????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Diploma Universtario per Traduttori e Interpreti???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????Scuola Superiore di Lingue Moderne per Interpreti e Traduttori, Università degli Studi di Trieste????1978???????????????????Conférence internationale permanente d’Instituts universitaires de Traducteurs et d’Interprètes [CIUTI]?????????800??????????????????????????????????????????????-????????
??????????????????1997?????????????????Translation Studies, Ventspils College; http://www.venta.lv/engl/programmes.htm??????????-??-????????-??-???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????Department of Translation Studies, Agder College????1975??????100???????????????????
????????????????????????????Postgraduate School for Translators and Interpreters, Jagiellonian University; http://www.filg.uj.edu.pl/stlum/????1995??????????????????????????
??·?????????????????Department of Translation and Interpreting Studies, School of English, Adam Mickiewicz University; http://elex.amu.edu.pl/ifa/interp/index.htm????1993??????30?????????????????
?1??????????????????????1400?????????????????????????
?2???????????????
????????????????????????????????????????liaison interpretation???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????·?????????????????Department of Languages, Literatures and Translation, Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa “Luis de Camoes”????1992???????200?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????Moscow Linguistic University????1930?????????????????????????????????250???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????Nizhny Novgorod Linguistic University; http://koi8.www.sci-nnov.ru/science/education/nglu/en/?????????????????????????????????1937?????????????????????????“?????”????????????????????1995??????
20??90?????????????????????????College of Translation and Interpreting?????????????????????????????????????School of International Business?????????2/3?????????????1/3??????????????
??????????????Facultat de Traducció i Interpretació, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona????1972???????1000?????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?1?????????????
?2???????????????
?3???????????????
?4??????????
????????????Facultad de Traductores e Intérpretes, Universidad de Granada; http://www.ugr.es/~factrad/ingles.html????????????????1979?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????120??????????80??????????40?????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????40%????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????I????????????????????????????????
?????????II????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????/Trados???????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????“??????”????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Socrates???????53?????????
????????????????????????Sendebar??
??????????????????Rovira i Virgili?????-???????Departament de Filologia Anglogermànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili in Tarragona; http://www.ice.urv.es/trans/????2000?????????????????
?1?????300?????????????????????????????????????????????????-?????????????????????????
?2?????180????????????????????????????????????????????????????-??????????????
?3????50?????????????????????????????????????????????????????-??????????????????????????????????????????
?4????50???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????Anthony Pym?????????????????????http://www.fut.es/~apym/welcome.html??????????????????????????????????
???????????????Institute for Interpretation and Translation Studies, Stockholm University; http://www.tolk.su.se/languages/english.html????1986???????200????????????????????????????????
?1?????????????????????
?2????????????????
?3?????????????????????-?????????????????????????
?4?????????????????????
?5????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????15???
???????????École de Traduction et d’Interprétation, Université de Genève; http://www.unige.ch/eti/????????1941???????????????????1972??????“?????”???450????100?????
????????????????????Conférence internationale permanente d’Instituts universitaires de Traducteurs et d’Interprètes [CIUTI]??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????4????1-2???????????????????????????????????????????????????1???
???????????????????????????????????????5???????????????????????????????????????????????Continuing Education Certificate For Interpreter Trainers; http://ecolu-info.unige.ch/formcont/AAdiplomant/forminterconf02HP.html??
?????????????????????????Department of Applied Linguistics and Cultural Studies, Zurich University of Applied Sciences Winterthur; http://www.doz.ch/?????????????????????????????????????????70???????????300???????10-15??
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????30???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????School of Languages and European Studies, Aston University???“?????????”?Modern Languages with Translation Studies [French and/or German]?http://www.aston.ac.uk/ug/pros/lesmlts.htm???????“????????”?MA in Translation in a European Context; http://www.les.aston.ac.uk/mtranslationeuro.html????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????TOEFL?IELTS??????600??6.5???????????????????????????????????????????
?????????30??
???????????????????????30???
?????30???
?????15,000???60???
???????????????????Beverly Adab??????????????????????Christina Schaeffner??????????????the UK Institute of Linguists????????????????????????Christina Schaeffner?????????????????????European Society of Translation Studies?????
???????????????Department of European Studies and Modern Languages, University of Bath; http://www.bath.ac.uk/esml/??????????????????Conférence internationale permanente d’Instituts universitaires de Traducteurs et d’Interprètes [CIUTI]?????????????????30???????????????????????????????????????Ma/Diploma in Interpreting and Translating????????????240???????????????????????????????TOEFL?IELTS???????600??7????????????????????
?1?????????????????????????????????????????
?2???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????5????????????????????????????????????/?????????????????15,000???????????????????????1???????????????????????
????????????Centre for English Language Studies, University of Birmingham; http://www.bham.ac.uk/cels??????????“???”?the Bank of English???????????????????????????????????????????MA in Translation Studies???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????20???
???????20???
??????I??????????????????????????20???
??????????20???
???????20???
??????II????????????????????20???
?????12,000?????60???
????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????Department of Modern Languages, School of Social and International Studies, University of Bradford??????????????????Conférence internationale permanente d’Instituts universitaires de Traducteurs et d’Interprètes [CIUTI]????????????????????????????????????????20??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????MA in Interpreting and Translating; MA in Interpreting and Translating for International Business; http://www.brad.ac.uk/university/pgpros/social/modlang.html??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????“?????”???Visiting Postgraduate Program??????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????EURODICAUTOM??????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????¾¾?????Interface??
???????????????-?????????School of Languages, Heriot-Watt University; http://www.hw.ac.uk/??????????????????Conférence internationale permanente d’Instituts universitaires de Traducteurs et d’Interprètes [CIUTI]??????????????????
?1??????????????????Applied Languages and Translating MA [Hons]??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?2????????????????????/?????Translating and Conference Interpreting or Translation and Technology Msc/Diploma????????9??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?3???????????????/??/?????Translation and Intercultural Communication [English-Arabic] by Distance Learning msc/diploma/certificate????30???????????????
?4??????????/??/?????Translation and Intercultural Communication [Arabic-English] msc/diploma/certificate????????????????????9??????????????????????????????????????Prepared Translating????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????School of Modern Languages and Cultures???????????
?1????????????MA in Applied Translation Studies???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????IBM TranslationManager 2?Trados????????????????????????????
?2???????????MA in Interpreting and Translation???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Association internationale des interpretes de conference [AIIC]??????????????
????????????The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London University; http://www.ic.ac.uk/templates/front_index_3.asp?P=178???“??????????????????”???MSc in Scientific, Technical and Medical Translation with Translation Technology [MscTrans]; http://www.hu.ic.ac.uk/translation/intro.html????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Lingo™, IBM TranslationManager™, TRADOS Translation Solution™, Passolo™, DéjàVu™, SDLX™, STAR TRANSIT™, TermStar™, WordSmith Tools™, SyNTHEMA Terminology Manager™, System Quirk™, Copernic 2001™?
????????????????????????????????????????7???????????????
??????????????????????????????????HTML?XML???????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????10,000-15,000???????
???????The University of Manchester????????????????????????????????Centre for Translation and Intercultural Studies; http://www.art.man.ac.uk/SML/ctis/???????????????????British Academy???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Mona Baker??????????????????????????????????????????????????????——“???????”?Translational English Corpus [TEC]; http://ronaldo.cs.tcd.ie/tec/jnlp/???????????7?????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????MA in Translation Studies; http://www.art.man.ac.uk/SML/ctis/MA/???????????????????????????????Master of Philosophy and Doctor of Philosophy; http://www.art.man.ac.uk/SML/ctis/research/researchdegree.htm?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????6?????????????????????????????????????diploma????60????????????????????certificate??
???????????????????????????????????????????12??????????????????????2-3??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????
1???
?????????“??”????????2003????????????CTIS???????????UMIST??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2002?48-49??????“???????????????????”???????????UMIST??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????2003-2004????4????11?????20????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Translational English Corpus, ??TEC???????
2?????
1) ?????/?????60???
?????????????????????
? ?????Translation and Interpreting Studies?30????????15?????????????????????????????????????????????(linguistic and sociolinguistic approaches)??????????(cognitive and process-oriented approaches)??????(ethnographic approaches)????????feminist approaches????????? (postcolonial approaches)???????????4000??????????????
? ??????Research Methods in Translation Studies?15????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????20????????40%????1500??????????????????????60%??
? ???????? Faculty Research Training Course (??????)?15?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
2????????60???
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????1/3??60??????30?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ?????Audiovisual Translation????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ????????Technical and Commercial Translation?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ?????Literary Translation???????????????????????????????????“??”????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????3?4??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1000????????????????????????????????????4000?????????????????????
? ???????Cross-cultural Pragmatics??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????4000???????
3) ??
? ???? ?????????????120?????????????????????????????20000??????????6000?????60???????????MA????
? ???? ???????????MPhil?????PhD?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2????6???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3?????
1??????
????????????1995?????????????????Comparable corpus?——????????TEC??????????TECCon??????????????????????????http://www.art.man.ac.uk/SML/ctis/research/tec.htm??Baker???????http://www.monabaker.com/tsresources/TranslationalEnglishCorpus.htm
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????TEC Browser?http://ronaldo.cs.tcd.ie/tec/jnlp/????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????2001: 61-66??????2000: 380-384?2001: 17-18??????2002: 54-57????????????????????????????????????????????2000?380-384? ???2002?35-39??????????
2?????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2003-2004???????????????????????????University of Granada?Dorothy Kelly??? Directionality in Translation: Questioning the Taboo of Translating
into Non-mother Tongues ?University of Surrey Roehampton?Gillian Lathey???Language Play and Narrative Intimacy for the Younger Child????????????Ernst-August Gutt??? The Significance of the Cognitive Core of Translation ???????????
??????????????????????????????????????Eugene Nida (1997)? Gideon Toury (1998)? Maria Tymoczko (1999)?Sherry Simon (2001)?Edwin Gentzler (2002)? Michael Cronin (2003)? Carol Maier (2004)????????2004?3?3????????????Carol Maier???“The Role of Translation in Current Creative writing: Figuration and Cogitation” ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4???
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????CTIS?????????????????????????????????????????9??10???????????????????????????????????????????5???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????(??????????)??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????
Baker, Mona. 2004. “Corpus-based Translation Studies” (Lecture Handout), The University of Manchester.
Baker, Mona. “The Translational English Corpus (TEC)”, http://www.monabaker.com/tsresources/TranslationalEnglishCorpus.htm (January-28-2005).
Olohan, Maeve.
2004. “MA in Translation Studies (2004-2005)”, School of Modern Languages, The
Chen, Wallace.
2003. “Investigating Explicitation of Conjunctions in Translated Chinese: A
corpus-Based Study”. Paper presented at the Corpus-based Translation Studies
Conference: Research and Applications.
????2001?????????????????5?
???2002?????????????????????9?
????2000??????????????????5?
????2001????????????????5?
???2002??????????????????????????6?
????2002?????????????——??????????????????? 3?
?????
???????????????????CTIS Homepage, The University of Manchester?http://www.art.man.ac.uk/SML/ctis/ (January-28-2005).
TEC Browser. http://ronaldo.cs.tcd.ie/tec/jnlp/ (Janulary-28-2005)
????? ??. [2005]. ????——?????????????
???????????The University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology [UMIST]????????????????Centre for Computational Linguistics, Department of Language Engineering; http://www.ccl.umist.ac.uk/research/ccl/#intro?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????computer-aided language learning [CALL]???????????????????????????????????????????????????[Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar; HPSG]?????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????70???????????????MSc in Machine Translation?http://www.ccl.umist.ac.uk/pmt.html?????????
???
????
????
????????
???????CALL?
????????
???????????
????
??????
????????
???????????
??????
????????
??????
????????
????????
?????
??????????
???????????????School of Area and Language Studies, University of North London???????·????????????????????????????????????MA Applied Translation Studies; http://www.unl.ac.uk/sals/matrans/index.shtml?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????I?II??????????????100?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????Faculty of Arts, Media & Social Sciences, University of Salford????1992??????30??????????????????????BA/Hons Modern Languages and Translation; http://www.salford.ac.uk/ugpros00/courses/48.html???-????????/?????MA/PgDip Arabic/English Translation and Interpreting; http://www.salford.ac.uk/course-finder/details.php?course=1121?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????\??????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????Department of Linguistic and International Studies, University of Surrey??1985?????????/???????Diploma/MA in Translation http://www.surrey.ac.uk/LIS/transma.htm?????70???????????????????????????????????9???????????????????????????????10,000?????????
???????2000??????????????????????????School of European Languages, University of Wales Swansea???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“?????????”?MA in Translation with Language Technology???????MA in Literary Translation??????????
???????????????????????????180??????120?????????60????????????????????????20,000?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????10????????????????????Lingo™, TRADOS Multiterm™, Star Termstar™, IBM TranslationManager™, TRADOS Translator’s Workbench™, Star Transit™?????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????180?????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????School of Languages, Faculty of Law, Languages and Communication, University of London??1963??????????????180?????????????
?1?????????????????/???????
?2????????????????/???????
?3????????????????/???????
?4??????????????????/???????
?5??????/??????????/???????
?6???????????????/???????
?????????????????Centre for British and Comparative Cultural Studies, Warrick University????1984??????????Susan Bassnett??????????????????????????????????Bassnett????????????????????????????????????????Bassnett?????????????????????????
???????????????MA in Translation Studies; http://www.warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/BCCS/taught.html???????Ph.D. in Translation Studies; http://www.warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/BCCS/research.html??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????60????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????School of Languages, Interpreting and Translating, Faculty of Arts, Deakin University????1981?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????60???
?????????????????????????????Department of Japanese and Chinese Studies, School of Languages and Comparative Cultural Studies, University of Queensland in Brisbane???????????????????Master of Arts in Japanese Interpreting and Translation; http://www.arts.uq.edu.au/slccs/pgmajit.html???1980??????????????????????????????National Accreditation Authority for Translators and Interpreters [NAATI]??2001????????????????Association internationale des interpretes de conference [AIIC]????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????
???????????
??????????????
???????
???????????????????????
???????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????I??????
???????????I?????I?????????????II?????II????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????Faculty Of Arts, Australian National University????????????Master of Translation Studies; http://www.anu.edu.au/graduate/pubs/gcg2000/present_course.php?cc=7113?,??????,????18???????????????18?????????15,000?????12????????
???????University of Western Sydney??1984???????????????1991?????????????????1995????????????????????????????????????100??????????????
?1????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?2???????????????????????????
?3????????????????????????????????????????????????
?4??????????????????????????????????????????60,000-80,000????????????????????
?5?????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????Centre for Translation and Interpreting Studies, University of Aukland????1998??1999????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Postgraduate Diploma in Translation; http://www.arts.auckland.ac.nz/eur/translation/??2000????????????????????????Postgraduate Certificate in Advanced Consecutive Interpreting??2001???????????????????Professional Masters in Translation??
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????26???????????9????1????3????21????2???112????????16????3????26????62????5???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?1????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?2????????????????????????????????????????????·?????????????????????????????????????????????????subject area specialty?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????¾??????????????????????????????????????????????
?3?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?4??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?5???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?6?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????-???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????Translation programs and research institutes in tertiary institutions across the world
???????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????210093 ????????? ???? ?
?????keping00@hotmail.com
/ cbao@miis.edu
