Typical Structure of the Abstract of a Research Paper

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(Based on Swales, J. M. [1990]. Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.)

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Situating the Research

       Establishing a territory

       Reviewing items of previous research

       Indicating a research gap

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Presenting the Research

       Stating the main research purpose

       Announcing the present research

       Indicating the structure of the paper

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Describing the Methodology

       Describing the material/subjects involved, the process of data collection, and the procedures/methods of data analysis

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Presenting the Results

       Reporting the results

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Discussing the Results

       Drawing conclusions

       Giving recommendations