CETa1 文化交流 人类自有文化就有文化交流。人类文化从整体来说，是各国、各民族文化汇聚、交流的产物。 交流促进发展。一个国家、一个民族，只要不是由于主观和客观的种种原因，长期处于孤立、闭塞的状态之中，{无论是主观原因还是客观原因，孤立和闭塞说到底主要还是自己选择的结果（一国长期被别国封锁的例子在世界史上极少见），所以“处于”应用主动动词来译。} 或多或少都可以从交流中得到好处。 事实上，在现代国家中，绝对不受外来影响的固有文化是不存在的。一位著名的美国历史学家historicist [<historicism: 1. The attempt, found esp. among German historians since about 1850, to view all social and cultural phenomena, all categories, truths, and values, as relative and historically determined, and in consequence to be understood only by examining their historical context, in complete detachment from present-day attitudes. 历史决定论 3. The belief that historical change occurs in accordance with laws, so that the course of history may be predicted but cannot be altered by human will; the resulting attitude to the social sciences, of regarding them as concerned mainly with historical prediction. 历史天定论 4. Excessive regard for the institutions and values of the past; spec. in Architecture, the use of historical styles in design. 复古主义 (Based on OED)] 曾经写道：“任何国家的文明，来自外来影响的产物总是多于本国的发明创造 {意思是：任何国家的文明中都有许多因受外来影响而产生的东西，它们的数量比纯粹本国发明创造的东西数量要多。}。如果有人要把英国文化中任何受外国影响或来源于外国的东西剔除掉，那么，英国的文化就所剩无几了。”

Cultural Exchange In human history, cultural exchange began with the very emergence of civilization culture. Generally speaking [used to introduce a statement that is true in most cases but not always] Taken as a whole, human culture is the collective product of exchanges between and convergence [coming from different directions and meeting at the same point] of the cultures of all peoples and nations. Exchange promotes progress development. Any country or any nation can more or less benefit from exchange if it does not, for reasons subjective or objective, isolate itself from or shut its doors to the outside world chronically in seclusion [the state of keeping away from other people] / in an inaccessible/unenlightened state in a long period of time. In fact, there is not any innate [possessed at birth; inborn] / intrinsic [relating to essential nature of a thing; inherent] <purely indigenous> native civilization on earth that does not bear traces of external influences. A noted American history professor historian {指E. O. Reischauer, American historian, diplomat, educator, and a leading expert on Asian, particularly Japanese, affairs. (EB)} once wrote: “The civilization of any country is much more the product of external influences than of native invention. <the products stemmed from outside influences always outnumber domestic creations> If one reject/cancel/cut subtracted [to take a number or an amount from a larger number or amount (LDoCE)] {注意虚拟语气的使用} everything from the English culture that had foreign roots, proof or antecedents, {具体化处理} the British culture will shrink to small amount there would be little left.” { 查引文出处，为：Reischauer, E. O., & Jansen, M. B., 1995, p.32. [The Japanese today: Change and continuity. Cambridge: Harvard University Press]。}