Instructions:
Translate
the following passage (Coronavirus is the Cause of
SARS) into Chinese. It is a take-home
assignment intended to test your overall translation capability. It is also
part of a research project undertaken by a graduate student from the English
Department, Nanjing University. This project investigates advanced English
learners ability to give feedback on their peers translation as well as their
ability to revise their own translation with reference to the feedback provided
by their peers. Specifically, you are required to:
1. Download Coronavirus
is the Cause of SARS from http://dhost.info/pingke/T-DiagnosticTests.htm
or http://keping.nytka.org/T-DiagnosticTests.htm,
and translate it into Chinese before Sept. 10, 2007, which is the due date for
this assignment. Hand in a hard copy of your translation to the course
instructor on Sept. 10 with your name, email address, and phone number written
on it, and send an electronic copy before Sept. 10 to both of the following two
email addresses: nulinguistics@sohu.com and linguisticsnu@gmail.com.
2. Check your email after Sept. 11. You will
find a translation by one of your classmates, and a sample feedback on E-C
translation following the standardized feedback format. Read the sample
feedback carefully before you give feedback on your classmates translation. You
are required to follow the standardized feedback format while giving feedback
on your classmates translation. Please hand in a printed copy of your
classmates translation with your feedback on it to the instructor on Sept. 17,
and send an electronic copy to the above email addresses before that day.
3. Open your mailbox after Sept. 18 to find your own translation and
the feedback your classmate gave you. Revise your translation with reference to
the feedback you received. Hand in the revised version of your translation to
the course instructor on Sept. 24, and send an electronic copy to the above
email addresses before Sept. 24.
The course
instructor will return your revised translation to you after the National Day
holiday and make comments on it.
Note:
Please take this assignment seriously, for how you did it will influence
your final score for this course.
Coronavirus is the Cause of SARS
Scientists said on Wednesday they
had proved beyond doubt a new coronavirus was the
source of SARS after completing the first tests on it that met all accepted
scientific standards. This
is proof that the coronavirus is the primary cause
of the disease, said Professor Albert Osterhaus,
head of a team of virologists at the Eramus Medical
Center in Amsterdam that carried out the tests. It
will speed up diagnostics. It will speed up antiviral development and it will
speed up vaccine development because now we know what we have to focus on, he
said in an interview. But
the team said other infections may have exacerbated the respiratory disease
in some SARS patients. Although
a coronavirus had been identified as the cause of
SARS, certain scientific guidelines laid down in the late 19th century by
German microbiologist Robert Koch must be met to establish a pathogen as the
cause of a disease. Known
as Kochs Postulates, they state that the agent
should be found in all cases of the disease. It must be isolated from those
infected and cultivated in the laboratory. The cultivated agent must
reproduce the disease when introduced into the same species or a related one,
be re-isolated from the new host and a specific immune response must be
detected. Several
scientific groups working on SARS around the world had met three postulates. Osterhaus and colleagues completed the final ones when
they infected two macaque monkeys with the virus from a SARS patient and
isolated it from the animals. It
is important in terms of combat strategies against the disease that you can
unequivocally define what the primary cause is, Osterhaus
said. The
macaques infected with the coronavirus developed
the disease and had features of the illness that were identical to those of
SARS patients who had died. That
shows definitively that the coronavirus alone can
cause the disease, Osterhaus said. Since
the outbreak of SARS in southern China late last year nearly 600 people have
died and more than 7,500 have been infected. More than half the deaths have
occurred in China, the worlds worst affected country. If
we understand how the virus replicates in the body, in what organs and in
what way we can start looking for specific ways to counteract that, Osterhaus said. |
|
This is a sample feedback on an E-C translation task.
Please read it carefully. You are required to give feedback on your classmates
translation following a standardized format as used in this sample feedback.
According to this format, you turn what you think is inappropriate in your
classmates translation into red and strike it out. The translation you provide
should be in blue and underlined. You are also encouraged to give comments,
specifying what mistakes your classmate made. All your comments should be put
inside braces (that is, {}) and a font size of
|
Source
text analysis |
Misunderstanding of the original; Inaccurate understanding of the original |
|
Target
text generating |
Wrong rendition of the original meaning; Inaccurate rendition of the original meaning |
|
Typography |
Wrong character (错别字); Wrong punctuation |
|
Target
language use |
Wrong word/phrase; Wrong collocation; Awkward; Wordy; Grammatical mistakes; Stylistic infelicities: improperly formal, improperly colloquial,
improperly literary, etc. |
|
Logic |
Illogical |
|
Information
load of the translation |
Over-translation; Under-translation |
Table 1: A checklist of errors to be avoided in E-C
translation
|
Ford Motor Company cut its all new minivan
into pieces for the Beijing Auto Show (June 22-30). On display at the Ford
booth, the cutaway Ford Windstar highlights key Ford designed automotive
components and systems. Some
of the high technology features on display include: the electrical and fuel
handling system, climate-control systems, automotive glass, plastic and trim,
and electronic and audio systems. For example, one cross section of the
display highlights the Windstars fuel and handling
system, where viewers will see the engine and chassis placement and its
relation to the electrical components that provide power to the vehicle, and
direct the flow of fuel for engine efficiency. Another
cross section of the vehicle demonstrates the climate-control system. Windstars unique system provides passengers in the rear
seats with their own set of climate control buttons to regulate temperatures
within their area. |
福特汽车公司在北京汽车展上展览了其新推出的
|
To save
your time, you are kindly advised to download the MS Word default global
template Normal.dot from http://dhost.info/pingke/TOC/RMRS.html
or http://keping.nytka.org/TOC/RMRS.html
to replace the (usually blank and therefore useless) Normal.dot in your own
computer. You may find the Normal.dot file in your own computer following this
route:
(Windows XP) C:\Documents and Settings\Current User{当前用户，一般就是你自己}\Application Data\Microsoft\Templates\Normal.dot.
If you have doubt about how to have your Normal.dot
replaced, you are welcome to consult the course instructor.
With the
new Normal.dot, you can simply press F10 to turn a stretch of text into red and
strike it out. When you press F11, you can turn the selected text into blue and
underline it. To set font size to
Note: Before you print out your classmates translation with your
feedback on it, make sure that you select the whole text and press Ctrl+H to unhide any text that may be hidden.
Instructions:
Translate
the following passage (艾滋病：病因、症状及其防治) into English. It
is a take-home assignment intended to test your overall translation capability.
It is also part of a research project undertaken by a graduate student from the
English Department, Nanjing University. This project investigates advanced
English learners ability to give feedback on their peers translation as well as
their ability to revise their own translation with reference to the feedback
provided by their peers. Specifically, you are required to:
1. Download 艾滋病：病因、症状及其防治 from http://dhost.info/pingke/T-DiagnosticTests.htm
or http://keping.nytka.org/T-DiagnosticTests.htm,
and translate it into English before Feb. 25, 2008, which is the due date for
this assignment. Hand in a hard copy to the course instructor on Feb. 25 with
your name, email address, and phone number written on it, and send an
electronic copy before Feb. 25 to the following two email addresses: nulinguistics@sohu.com
and linguisticsnu@gmail.com.
2. Check your email after Feb. 26. You will find a translation by
one of your classmates, and a sample feedback on C-E translation following the
standardized feedback format. Read the sample feedback very carefully before
you give feedback on your classmates translation. You are required to follow
the standardized feedback format while giving feedback on your classmates
translation. Please hand in a printed copy of your classmates translation with
your feedback on it to the instructor on Mar. 3, and send an electronic copy to
the above email addresses before that day.
3. Open your mailbox after Mar. 4 to find your
own translation and the feedback your classmate gave you. Revise your
translation with reference to the feedback you received. Hand in the revised
version of your translation on Mar. 10, and send an electronic copy to the
above email addresses before Mar. 10.
The course
instructor will return your revised translation to you on Mar. 17 and make
comments on it.
Note:
Please take this assignment seriously, for how you did it will influence
your final score for this course.
艾滋病：病因、症状及其防治
艾滋病全称为获得性免疫缺陷综合症，系由人体免疫缺陷病毒（HIV，又称艾滋病毒）引起。艾滋病是人体免疫缺陷病毒症的最后，也是最为严重的阶段，此阶段的病人己出现重度免疫缺陷症状。 自这种传染病出现以来，全世界已有约4,700 万人感染了艾滋病毒。 人体免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）引起艾滋病。该病毒攻击人的免疫系统，使人体易受各种致命疾病和癌症的侵袭。普通细菌、酵母菌、寄生虫和病毒对于免疫功能完全正常的人来说一般并无大妨，而对艾滋病患者来说则可能诱发致命的疾病。 该病毒主要通过以下途径传染： 性行为； 血液通过输血或共用针头； 母子传染孕妇可能会被动将病毒传染给自己的胎儿，喂奶的母亲也可能把病毒传给婴儿。其他感染方式偶见于事故性针刺损伤，捐献精液进行人工授精及捐献器官感染。 一般交往如拥抱和身体接触，触摸艾滋病人用过的碗碟、门的旋钮、坐便器、体育活动中的身体接触或被同一蚊虫叮咬不会感染艾滋病毒。献血或捐献器官者也不会感染艾滋病毒。然而，输入艾滋病毒感染者血液或植入其捐献器官的人则可能感染该病毒。因此，负责血库管理和器官捐献的部门要对捐献者及其血液和细胞组织进行周密审查。 艾滋病从艾滋病毒感染开始。感染了该病毒的人可在长达10年的时间里不出现任何症状，但仍可能将病毒传给他人。同时，他们的免疫系统功能也在逐渐减弱，直至被诊断出患有艾滋病。急性艾滋病毒感染逐渐发展为无症状期艾滋病毒感染，继而发展到早期有症状型艾滋病毒感染，最后发展为艾滋病（即深晚期的艾滋病毒感染）。 如果得不到治疗，大多数艾滋病毒感染者都将朝艾滋病的方向发展。不过，有极少数病人发展成艾滋病的过程十分缓慢甚至永远也不得艾滋病。这些病人被称为病情无进展者。 预防艾滋病需要人们有远虑并做到自律。这些要求往往看起来像是在束缚人的个性，但它们却行之有效，能救你的命。除此之外，人们还应密切注意以下几个方面： 1. 不要使用静脉内给药的药物。 2. 任何艾滋病毒检测为阳性者都可能将病毒传染给他人，因此这些人不能捐献血液、血浆和人体器官。 3. 艾滋病毒检测呈阳性的妇女孕前应被告知胎儿受感染的风险以及相应的最新医疗防护措施。 4. 艾滋病毒检测呈阳性的妇女不应进行母乳喂养。 5. 安全性行为。 艾滋病症状的出现主要是感染的结果，而这些感染通常不会在那些免疫系统功能健全的人体内蔓延发展。这样的感染术语上称做机遇感染。 艾滋病患者的免疫系统已被艾滋病毒破坏，因此患者容易受到这种机遇感染的侵袭。一般症状为发热、盗汗、畏寒、体虚乏力和日渐消瘦。 |
|
This is a sample feedback on a C-E translation task.
Please read it carefully. You are required to give feedback on your classmates
translation following a standardized format as used in this sample feedback.
According to this format, you turn what you think is inappropriate in your
classmates translation into red and strike it out. The translation you provide
should be in blue and underlined. You are also encouraged to give comments,
specifying what mistakes your classmate made. All your comments should be put
inside braces (that is, {}) and a font size of
|
Source
text analysis |
Misunderstanding of the original; Inaccurate understanding of the original |
|
Target
text generating |
Wrong rendition of the original meaning; Inaccurate rendition of the original meaning |
|
Typography |
Wrong spelling; Wrong capitalization; Wrong punctuation |
|
Target
language use |
Wrong word/phrase; Wrong collocation; Awkward; Wordy; Grammatical mistakes: wrong part of speech, tense, voice, mood, number,
article; run-on-sentence*, etc. Stylistic infelicities: improperly formal, improperly colloquial,
improperly literary, etc. |
|
Logic |
Illogical |
|
Information
load of the translation |
Over-translation; Under-translation |
Table 2: A checklist of errors to be avoided in C-E
translation
* One typical Run-on-sentence is like
this: Some of the food crops
failed, however, the cotton did quite well.
|
前后加起来，我在北京已经住了四十多年，算是一个老北京了。北京的名胜古迹，北京的妙处，我应该说是了解的；其他老北京当然也了解。但是有一点，我相信绝大多数的老北京并不了解，这就是黎明时分以前的北京。 多少年来，我养成了一个习惯：每天早晨四点在黎明以前起床工作。我不出去跑步或散步，而是一下床就干活儿。因此我对黎明前的北京的了解是在屋子里感觉到的。我从前在什么报上读过一篇文章，讲黎明时分天安门广场上的清洁工人。那情景必然是非常动人的，可惜我从未能见到，只是心向往之而已。 |
Ive been in Beijing altogether for
over 40 years. So I can well call myself For
many years, I have |
To save
your time, you are kindly advised to download the MS Word default global
template Normal.dot from http://dhost.info/pingke/TOC/RMRS.html
or http://keping.nytka.org/TOC/RMRS.html
to replace the (usually blank and therefore useless) Normal.dot in your own
computer. You may find the Normal.dot file in your own computer following this
route:
(Windows XP) C:\Documents and Settings\Current User{当前用户，一般就是你自己}\Application Data\Microsoft\Templates\Normal.dot.
If you have doubt about how to have your Normal.dot
replaced, you are welcome to consult the course instructor.
With the
new Normal.dot, you can simply press F10 to turn a stretch of text into red and
strike it out. When you press F11, you can turn the selected text into blue and
underline it. To set font size to
Note: Before you print out your classmates translation with your
feedback on it, make sure that you select the whole text and press Ctrl+H to unhide any text that may be hidden.