??????????1996??4?[??108?]??57-62??

 

?????????????

 

????  ? ?

 

?  ????... 1

?  ????... 1

1?????????... 1

2???????... 1

3???????... 1

????... 1

???????... 1

 

 

        ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

        ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

        ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

        ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“?”?“?”?“?”?“??”?“??”?????????????????????????????????????????????????

        ???????????????????????????????????????????definiendum?? ????genus?+ ???differentia??Landau, 1984: 120??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

        ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“??”?“??”?“??”?“??”????”?“??”???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“????????”??????XHC???????“???”????????????????????????????????????

        ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

 

?  ????

        ?????1983?428?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???1991?20-33?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????underworld?????

 

1)  archaic the earth [?] ??

2)  the mythical world of the dead; Hades ?????

3)  the opposite side of the earth; antipodes????????

4)  the criminal members of the society?or people living by vice or crime?regarded as a group or class  ?????????NW3)

 

       ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????industrial relations?????????????

 

the dealings or relations of an industrial concern with it’s employees, with labor in general, with the public, etc.  (RH2)

 

???????????????????????????????????????????????????“????”??YH?YHD??????????????????“????”??????????????????????????… with its, employees, with labor in general, with the public, etc.??????“??????????????”????????????“??????????????????????”?

       ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????culture—specific words?????????????????????????????????????????

    ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????——?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

 

?  ????

    ????????-????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    ????????????????

 

1?????????

       ??-??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

       ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1990?276?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

       ??????????????????????????????????????????????????

 

green tea <??> [????]“??”??????

Great White Father <??>“???”?????

Gregorian calendar ????????

 

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

 

green currency [???] ?????????????????????????????????????????1969???????????????????????????

 

??????????????????

 

       (1)  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ice-cream cone???????????????

 

1)  a conical edible wafer for holding a portion of ice cream?

2)  such a cone containing ice cream. ?Col. 3; WBD?

 

??????????????YHD?????????????????? 

 

1)  ???????????????????)?

2) ???????????

 

       ???????????????????????????????“????”??????????????????????????wafer (a very thin light crisp sweet biscuit, especially of a kind eaten with ice-cream [OEED]) ????????????????“????”????????????????????????????

 

1)  ????????????????????????????;

2)  ???????????????????????

 

       (2)  ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????pager?a radio device with a bleeper, activated from a central point to alert the person wearing it?(OEED)???????pager????????

 

?????????????????????????????YHD?

 

?????????????????????????????????????????

 

????????BP? [??bell pager]

 

??????grill(e) ?????????

 

a square or rectangular uninked pattern on a postage stamp (as on a United States 1867-71 issue) composed of rows of raised or sunken pyramidal bosses where the paper has been cut by corresponding bosses on a roller as a protection against illegal removal of cancellation marks.  (W3)

 

YHD??????

 

?????????????????????

 

?????????Chambers 20th Century Dictionary (CT) ??grilled ????????embossed with small rectangular indentations as those on certain late 19th-century postage stamps of the United States and Peru?????????????????????????????????????????“??”?????W3???????

 

????????????????????????????????????19????????????????????????????????

 

        ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

 

grease pencil (a pencil of pigment and compressed grease encased in a spiral paper strip that can be partially unwound to expose a new point and used especially for writing on glossy surfaces [RH2])???????????????????????????????

 

        ????????????????????

 

greenie????????????????????  (YHD)

 

???????????????????????????????????????????????green“?”+-ie????????????????????????????????????slang a heart-shaped green stimulant pill of dextroamphetamine????????????????????

 

<??>“???”???????????????????????

 

        ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

 

grand right and left:

Folk Dancing an interweaving of two concentric circles of dancers?one moving clockwise?one  counter-clockwise, giving right and left hands alternatively to successive partners  (NW3)?

a figure called in square dancing in which partners face each other, forming a small circle, and  then advance around the circle by extending alternatively right and left hands to pull past each new person until they reach their partners again  (RH2)

[????] ??????????????????[square dancing]?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

 

        ??????????????????????????????????? 

 

gravitational lens (Astro. a heavy, dense body, as a galaxy, that lies along our line of sight to a more distant object, as a quasar, and whose gravitational field refracts the light of that object, splitting it into multiple images as seen from the earth [RH2])  [???] ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

 

        (3)  ?????????????Landau???????????????????????????????????????????????????1984?145???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????imbecility?moronism?YHD?????“??????????”?“??”???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????mental retardation????????????????????????????????idiocy?????????moronism????50-70?????????imbecility????20-50??????????idiocy????????20??????????????????????????????????????????????????????“?????????50-70?”?“?????????20-50?”?“????????<20?”???????????????????????????

 

2???????

        ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????

 

disinfectant ??????? [<DIS-???????+ INFECTANT?????]

docudrama ?????????? [<DOCU(MENTARY)?????????+ DRAMA???) ]

 

        ????????????????????????????????????????????????????

 

Gram-positive [????] ??????? ??? [(GRAM’S METHOD)????????+ POSITIVE?????]

 

3???????

        ??????????????????????????????????????definition ?????????de finibus???????????“????????????????”????????????????“?????”??Laird?1980?xxvii?

        ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

 

Dorothy Dix?????????????????????????????[?????“?????”?????Elizabeth M. Gilmer???]

 

        ??????????????????????“??”?“??”??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

 

Grecian [?]???????????????Horsham????????????? [Christ’s Hospital]?

 

?????????????“????????”?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Grecian??????????????

 

Greek gift ????????????????????????????????Trojan horse?

 

?????“??Trojan horse”?????????????????????????????????????????

        ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

 

Sermon on the Mount [???] ??????????????????????????????????????·??·??????5-7??

 

??????????????3??????????????????

 

Ten Commandments [?] [???] ????????????????? [Moses] ?????????·??·??????20??1-17??

 

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

 

        ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????—??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

 

????

Landau, Sidney. 1984. Dictionaries. The Art and Craft of Lexicography. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.

??. 1990.?????????. ???????.

??. 1991.???????????. ???????.

___. 1993.“?????????????”.???????——1992??????????????????. ?????. ?????.

Laird?Charlton. 1980. “Language and the Dictionary”. Webster’s New World Dictionary of the American Language?2nd college edition. Editor-in-chief: David Guralnik. Cleve1and, Ohio: William Collins. Publishers. Inc.

????·?????. 1983.???????. ??????

 

???????

Col3 Collins English Dictionary. 3rd ed. Managing editor: Marian Makins. Glasgow: Harper-Collins Publishers. 1991.

CT            Chambers 20th Century dictionary. Ed. E.M. Kirkpatrick. Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers Ltd.1983.

NW3        Webster’s New World Dictionary of American English. 3rd college edition. Editor-in-chief: Victoria Neufeldt. New York: Webster’s New World. 1988.

OEED      The Oxford Encyclopedic English Dictionary. Eds. Joyce Hawkins and Robert Allen. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1991.

RH2         The Random House Dictionary of the English Language. 2nd ed. (unabridged). Editor-in-chief: Stuart Berg Flexner. New York: Random House. 1987.

W3           Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language (unabridged). Editor-in-Chief: Philip Gove, Ph.D. Springfield, Massachusetts: G.& C. Merriam Company. 1961.

W9           Webster’s Ninth Collegiate Dictionary. Editor-in-chief: Frederick Mish. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster INC. 1984.

WBD        The World Book Dictionary. Eds. Clarence Barnhart and Robert Barnhart. Chicago?World Book-Childcraft. International, Inc. 1981.

XHC         ????????. ??????????????????. ?????. 1970?

YH           ???????. ?????. ?????. ?????. 1987?

YHD        ????????????. ?????. ???????. 1998?

 

?????1996?5?4??

??????1996?7?20?

?????210093????????