???????1994?

 

??????

 

??

 

       ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Calais?????????“??”?Dover???????????????????????????Staines????????????Doncaster?Don????????????????????????“??????”?London?Reading?????????????London???Londinos???“?????”?????????“Londinos??”?Reading???????????????Reada???“??”????????????????????????Reading???“Reada??”???????????????????????????????????????Christchurch??????

       ???????????????????????????????“?????????”?Wessex?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Beakers?????1800??????????????????????????????Salisbury???????????Stonehenge????????????????

       ???400?????????Celts??????????????????1???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Gaelic???????????????????Welsh????????????????Londonderry?derry????????“??”???“?????”???????????Loch Ness?Loch??????????“??”???????Cardiff?Car-???????caer???“????”????????Ross and Cromarty?Ross?????????rhos???“??????????”??

       ???55-54?????????????????????????????500??????????????????????-c(h)ester?-caster?????????????ceaster????“???????”??Gloucester?Dorchester?Lancaster?

       ???“??”????????????Anglo-Saxons????????????????????????????????????5-7??????????????????????????????East Anglia??“land of East Angles”????????????????Essex??“East Saxons”????Sussex??“South Saxons”????Wessex??“West Saxons”?????????????????????????????????????????Dunbar??????Trumpington?Huntington?Royston?Dun?ton??“?????”???????????Hambledon?Ham??“?????”??????12??????????Peterborough????????Edingburgh?borough?burgh??“??????????”??

       8-11??????????“????”????Vikings?????????????????????????????????Danes??“???”???????????Normans??“???”???????????????Old Norse?????????????????????????????????Inverness?-nes??“?????”????????Filey?-ey??“??”??

       ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Christchurch?????????London????????????????????????????????????Cambridge???“??”????????????Cambridge?????“????”??????????“??”???????????????????????????????????Birmingham?????????????Manchester??????????10???????????????????????????????????????

       ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????El Pueblo de Nuestra Senora la Reina de Los-Angels de Porciuncula?????Los Angeles?????????????????????????1984????????????Anglesey????????????????58??????

 

Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch

 

????“???????????????????????????????”1984???????Fairbourne???????????????????????????????????

 

Gorsafawddacha'idraigodanheddogleddolonpenrhynareurdraethceredigion

 

????66?????????“?????????????????????????”?

 

1993?12??????